Root Canal Therapy
Root Canal Therapy is necessary when there is severe damage to the pulp within the tooth. An untreated cavity is the most common cause of this infection. Other causes include trauma, irritation by large fillings, or gum disease.

Root Canal treatment is generally completed in one or two visits. The pulp tissue is accessed by a small hole made in the top of the tooth. The diseased pulp is removed and the empty canals are disinfected and sealed. A crown or permanent filling will be required to complete the process.

A root canal on a tooth is necessary if there is damage to the nerves inside the roots due to trauma, deep cavities, irritation by large fillings, or gum disease.

Root canal or endodontic treatment is a procedure to save a tooth that otherwise might require extraction. Root canal is necessary when the pulp which is made up of blood vessels and nerves inside the tooth becomes inflamed or infected. The inflammation or infection can have a variety of causes but is usually due to: deep decay, trauma, repeated dental procedure on the tooth, or a crack in the tooth. The root canal procedure removes the inflamed or infected pulp by cleaning and shaping the inside of the tooth, then sealing the space so that bacteria cannot live there. Pain and infection will clear very shortly after the procedure is done.


Root Canal Retreatment
Root canal retreatment is a procedure done on a tooth that already has root canal previously but has failed to heal. Failure of the previous root canal can be from various causes including : complicated canal anatomy that went undetected in the first root canal, placement of the crown or other restorations was delayed following the first root canal, new decay that expose the root canal filling material to bacteria, or a cracked or broken crown or filling that expose the tooth to new infection. The procedure involves re-cleaning and re-shaping the root canals. Microscope will also be used to carefully examine the inside of the tooth for any additional canals or unusual anatomy that require treatment. The root canals are again seal with new materials.

Apicoectomy (Endodontic Surgery)
Apicoectomy or root-end resection is a surgical procedure done on a tooth that has persistent inflammation or infection in the bony area around the end of the tooth after root canal procedure. This persistent inflammation or infection may be due to: complicated canal anatomy, calcium deposits (calcification) making canals too narrow for the cleaning and shaping instruments, formation of a cyst at the end of the root, or damaged root surface. To fix the problem, the endodontist opens up the gum tissue near the tooth to see the underlying bone and to remove any inflamed or infected tissue. The very end of the root is also removed, a small filling is placed to seal the end of the root canal, and a few stitches are placed in the gum to help the tissue heal properly. The tissue and bone around the end of the root will heal over a period of a few months. The endodontist will generally check it at 6 months and one year to make sure everything healed completely.